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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1, P. LORMANT. APPARATUS FDR RAISING WATER.

N0. 592,872. Patented Nov. 2, 1897.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2. lP. LORMANT.

APPARATUSl FOR RAISING WATER. N0. 592,872. Patented Nova. 2, 1897. l

FIG-.2..

(No Model.) 3 sheets-Sheet 3.

P. LORMANT.

APPARATUS PoR RAISINGWATER.

No. 592,872, Patented Nov. 2, 1897.

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UNITEDV STAT-Es PATENT Finca.

PIERREL'ORMANT, oF PARIS, FRANCE.

APPARATUS FOR RAISING WATER.

SPECIFICATION forming pere lof Letters Patent No. 592,872, dated November 2, 1897.

Application led November 14, 1896. Serial No. 612,093. (No model.) Patented in France October 8,1896, No. 260,288.

To ctZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PIERRE LORMANT, gentleman, ,residing at 223 Rue de lUniversit, Paris, in the Republic of France, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for Improvements in and Connected with Apparatus for Raising Water (for which I have obtained Letters Patent of France, dated October 8, 1896, No. 260,288) and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement.

My invention relates to improvements in and connected with apparatus for raising water, and has for its object to provide apparatus resembling in its action a hydraulic ram, but having the advantage that it utilizes a larger proportion of the energy of the Water in the main fort-he effective elevation of water in the rising main. I obtain this result by equilibrating the column of water in the rising main by its own weight by means of a special device to be described. According to my invention I am also enabled to abruptly stop the flow of the water -in the elevator for the purpose of transforming its momentum into a raising force while still maintaining the iow in the feed-main, whereby the pulsations are extremely rapid, loss of water is considerably reduced, and the efficiency of the apparatus considerably increased.

To enable'myinvention to be fully understood, I will describe it by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a vertical section of apparatus constructed according to my invention. Fig. A

2 is a plan of the saine. Fig. 3 is a View similar to Fig. 1 of a slightly-.modied construction of my apparatus.

My apparatus comprises a caseor box A, into which the water inlet and outlet pipes a and b, respectively, open, the said pipes being arranged in alinement with one another. The case or box A is surmounted by avertical cylinder B, in permanent communication with the rising main c. Between the cylinder B and the box A there is arranged a flap (or other) valve cl, which is inconnection with a piston f, adapted to move in the cylinder B above the outlet from the cylinder into the rising main c.

A spring R is placed between the piston f and an upper cross-piece or support g, fixed to the cylinder B. Screws h h limit the movement of the piston j', and a nut e', which is supported on a spring r and which is screwed upon the end of the piston-rod, enables the initial tension of the sprin g R to be adjusted. A springj, the tension of which can be regulated, connects the valve CZ to the piston f.

It will be obvious that the water in the rising main c exerts pressure simultaneously on the lower face of the piston f and upon the upper face of the valve d. By this means a state of equilibrium is obtained for the column of water which can be regulated so as to give a desired excess of pressure from above downward in such a manner that the valve d is kept upon its seat by a small pressure.

The opening of the outlet-pipe b, which opensinto the box A, is controlled by a valve S, which is normally kept open by a spring k. When the water is fed into the box A with a progressive velocity, a moment arrives when the diiference of pressure on the two faces of the valve S in the outlet-pipe b causes the in the box A is used up, the valve d falls vback onto its seat, the valve S opens, and a certain quantity of water' escapes through the said pipe. As soon as the water has regained its normal velocity in the box A the valve S again closes, thereby causing a fresh How of water into the cylinder B, vand consequently into the rising main c.

It is found that by arranging the apparatus so that the weight of water in the rising main assists in .opening the valve d an improvement is effected, and that said valve closes as quickly as required when relieved of the shock due to closing valve S. The yielding of spring j allows the valve d to close without waiting for piston f to entirely resume its lower position.

To render the beats or pulsations as frequent as possible, and consequently to diminish the time during which the water flows,

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through the outlet-pipeb, (as pure waste,) I

pocket l, filled with air. This pocket is preferably of caoutchouc, covered with tanned hemp to avoid deterioration and adherence to the walls of the box. I can, however, make this pocket of any other suitable material. lVith this arrangement, as soon as the iiow ceases in the outlet-pipe b by reason of the closing of its valve S the water which is in the inlet-pipe a, instead of having its iiow abruptly stopped throughout its whole hei ght, continues to ow owing to the presence of the pocket Z,whieh by its com pressibility provides for the required time a free space for the water in suoli a manner that as soon as the valve S is again open the water instantly regains its maximum velocity in the box A, because the water in the inlet-pipe a has preserved its velocity and because the compressed air in the pocket byits expansion assists the movement of water into box A, so that the valve S is therefore again closed. The closing of valve S suddenly checks the flow of water in chamber A and operates valve d, notwithstanding the continued low into chamber D.

In the modified construction of my apparatus shown in Fig. 3 the piston is replaced by a membrane or metallic disk q, iixed at the upper end of the cylinder B, of which it forms the cover. A cross-bar t, iixed to the cylinder B', serves as a iixcd nut for a screw r, which limits the movement or displacement of the metallic disk q, and consequently the distance to which the valve d israised. This valve CZ is connected to the membrane q by means of a spring u and of a metal rod 0c, which passes through the membrane, the

joint y between the rod and membrane beingl made tight by being formed of two leather or india-rubber washers or as a stuffing-box. The section of the membrane which is adapted to be displaced under the pressure of the water is made slightly larger than that of the valve d', in order that the upward pressure on the diaphragm due to the water in pipe C may exceed the downward pressure on the Valve due to the same cause (the wat-er in pipe C) approximatelyas much as the weight of water between the valve and diaphragm, which weight rests on the valve but not on the diaphragm.

My apparatus can be used as a substitute for hydraulic rams and can utilize heads of water of too little power to be useful for hydraulic rams. Moreover, as my apparatus enables the weight of water in the rising main to be equilibrated, it can be applied to varions types of hydraulic elevators, to pumps, the. and my arrangement of eompressible airpocket can be applied to the various known types of hydraulic rams.

I claiml. In an apparatus for raising water, the combination of a chamber or box A having an inlet and a waste-outlet, a valve for the latter, a cylinder rising from said box, a valve between the box and cylinder, a piston for said cylinder and connected to the last-inentioned valve, and a rising pipe communicating with the cylinder between the piston and valve, whereby the Weight of water in the rising pipe aids in opening the valve admitting water to the cylinder, substantially as described.

2. In an apparatus for raising water, the combination of a chamber or box A having an inlet and a waste-outlet, a valve for the latter, a cylinder rising from said box, a valve between the box and cylinder, a piston for said cylinder and connected to the last-mentioned valve, a spring adapted to resist movelnent of the piston away from the valve, and a rising pipe communicating with the cylinder between the piston and valve, whereby the weight of water in the rising pipe aids in opening the valve admitting water to the cylinder, substantially as described.

3. In an apparatus for raising water, the combination of a chamber or box A having an inlet and a waste-outlet, a valve for the latter, a cylinder rising from said box, a valve between the box and cylinder, a piston for said cylinder and connected through a spring to the last-mentioned valve, and a rising pipe communicating with the cylinder between the piston and valve at a point nearer the piston than to the valve, substantially as described.

4. The combination of box A, having an inlet and a waste-outlet, a valve for the latter, a cylinder rising from said box, a valve bctwcen the box and cylinder, a piston for said cylinder, and connecting through a spring to the last-mentioned valve, means for adjusting said spring, a rising pipe communicating with the cylinder between the piston and valve, and an adjustable spring above the piston, substantially as described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto sot my hand in presence of witnesses.

PIERRE LORHANI.

Vitnesses:

S. CAURENO, FR. HOFFMANN, II. T. SMITH.

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